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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Bilateral orbital dysmorphology in unicoronal synostosis.

Joel S Beckett1, John A Persing, Derek M Steinbacher

  • 1New Haven, Conn. From the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|September 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Unicoronal synostosis causes significant orbital asymmetry, affecting both the ipsilateral and contralateral orbits. This orbital dysmorphia in unicoronal synostosis may necessitate bilateral surgical correction for visual abnormalities.

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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial surgery
  • Pediatric ophthalmology
  • Medical imaging

Background:

  • Unicoronal synostosis is associated with ipsilateral orbital abnormalities.
  • Emerging evidence suggests contralateral ocular issues in unicoronal synostosis.
  • Orbital morphology in unicoronal synostosis requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the orbital morphology in both ipsilateral and contralateral sides of unicoronal synostosis.
  • To compare orbital parameters between unicoronal synostosis patients and controls.

Main Methods:

  • Collected demographic and computed tomographic (CT) data from 21 unicoronal synostosis infants and 10 controls.
  • Created and analyzed 3D CT renderings using SurgiCase software.
  • Performed craniometric analysis including orbital volume, cone angles, depth, and corneal projection.

Main Results:

  • Unicoronal synostosis infants showed a significantly lower interorbital volume ratio compared to controls.
  • The contralateral orbit exhibited a significantly greater horizontal orbital cone angle than ipsilateral and control orbits.
  • The ipsilateral orbit had a significantly greater vertical cone angle; ipsilateral globes projected farther.

Conclusions:

  • The contralateral orbit in unicoronal synostosis is significantly dysmorphic, not just the ipsilateral side.
  • Orbital asymmetry is a key factor potentially underlying visual abnormalities.
  • Future reconstructive strategies for unicoronal synostosis should consider bilateral orbital correction.