Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prone Position and Epidural Anesthesia Without Secured Airway: Prospective Case Study in Infants Undergoing Surgery for Anorectal Malformations.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Pediatric Anesthesia: Excellence in Patient Care.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Regional Anesthesia Versus Systemic Analgesia in Thoracotomies for Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Case Series in a Quaternary Care Children's Hospital.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Pediatric Regional Anesthesia: Reply.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

2026 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guideline on Perioperative Pain Management Using Local and Regional Analgesia for Cardiothoracic Surgeries, Mastectomy, and Abdominal Surgeries.

Anesthesiology·2025
Same author

Is It Time to Reassess Local Anesthetic and Adjuvant Mixtures? A Narrative Review of Practice, Evidence, and Risks.

Anesthesiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
05:07

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

Published on: November 6, 2019

Everyday regional anesthesia in children.

Peter Marhofer1, Giorgio Ivani, Santhanam Suresh

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. peter.marhofer@meduniwien.ac.at

Paediatric Anaesthesia
|September 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric regional anesthesia (PRA) offers perioperative benefits but faces implementation challenges. This review addresses key issues in selecting, managing, and teaching pediatric blocks for better clinical practice.

More Related Videos

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
09:47

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Published on: June 2, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
05:07

CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

Published on: November 6, 2019

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
09:47

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery

Published on: June 2, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Regional Anesthesia Techniques
  • Perioperative Management

Background:

  • Regional anesthesia is an evolving technique in pediatric care with significant perioperative advantages.
  • Despite documented techniques, widespread clinical implementation of pediatric regional anesthesia (PRA) remains limited.
  • Challenges in PRA include selecting appropriate blocks, managing patients perioperatively, and effective training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of critical 'hot' topics in pediatric regional anesthesia.
  • To address the gap between described techniques and their daily clinical application.
  • To highlight key areas for improvement in the practice of PRA.

Main Methods:

  • This article is a review of current literature and clinical practice.
  • It synthesizes information on 'hot' topics in pediatric regional anesthesia.
  • Focuses on practical implementation challenges and educational strategies.

Main Results:

  • Identifies specific challenges in the selection and management of pediatric regional anesthesia.
  • Highlights the need for optimized teaching methodologies for these techniques.
  • Underscores the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in PRA.

Conclusions:

  • Effective implementation of pediatric regional anesthesia requires addressing specific clinical and educational hurdles.
  • Optimizing block selection, perioperative management, and training are crucial for advancing PRA.
  • Further research and standardized approaches are needed to enhance the use of PRA in children.