Updated: May 18, 2026

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery
Published on: May 6, 2020
Ryan A McConnell1, Stephen Kim, Nuzhat A Ahmad
1Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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This study found the CAE EndoscopyVR Simulator has poor validity for predicting real-world endoscopy skills. Trainee performance differences were minimal, and simulations were deemed unrealistic.
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