Determination of optical properties in heterogeneous turbid media using a cylindrical diffusing fiber

For interstitial photodynamic therapy (PDT), cylindrical diffusing fibers (CDFs) are often used to deliver light. This study examines the feasibility and accuracy of using CDFs to characterize the absorption (μ(a)) and reduced scattering (μ'(s)) coefficients of heterogeneous turbid media. Measurements were performed in tissue-simulating phantoms with μ(a) between 0.1 and 1 cm(-1) and μ'(s) between 3 and 10 cm(-1) with CDFs 2 to 4 cm in length. Optical properties were determined by fitting the measured light fluence rate profiles at a fixed distance from the CDF axis using a heterogeneous kernel model in which the cylindrical diffusing fiber is treated as a series of point sources. The resulting optical properties were compared with independent measurement using a point source method. In a homogenous medium, we are able to determine the absorption coefficient μ(a) using a value of μ'(s) determined a priori (uniform fit) or μ'(s) obtained by fitting (variable fit) with standard (maximum) deviations of 6% (18%) and 18% (44%), respectively. However, the CDF method is found to be insensitive to variations in μ'(s), thus requiring a complementary method such as using a point source for determination of μ'(s). The error for determining μ(a) decreases in very heterogeneous turbid media because of the local absorption extremes. The data acquisition time for obtaining the one-dimensional optical properties distribution is less than 8 s. This method can result in dramatically improved accuracy of light fluence rate calculation for CDFs for prostate PDT in vivo when the same model and geometry is used for forward calculations using the extrapolated tissue optical properties.