Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electrophilic amination-induced 1,2-boronate migration for the modular synthesis of β-amino boronic esters.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same author

Clarifying Stereochemical Outcomes in Radical-Initiated Vinyl Cyclopropane Cycloadditions within the Beckwith-Houk Framework.

Organic chemistry frontiers : an international journal of organic chemistry·2026
Same author

Photocatalytic Controlled Halodefluorination of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds Using <i>N</i>-Arylphenothiazines.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Towards Sustainable Synthesis of Peptide Therapeutics via Tag-Assisted Peptide Synthesis and Aryl Selenoester Aminolysis Ligation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Protecting Groups as Dispersive Directing Groups: Toward the Asymmetric Synthesis of Altemicidin.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Photocatalysis as a mechanistic probe for the Staudinger β-lactam synthesis.

Chem catalysis·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
11:44

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

Dinuclear palladium complexes--precursors or catalysts?

Robert S Paton1, John M Brown

  • 1Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK. robert.paton@chem.ox.ac.uk

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Calculations reveal that dimeric palladium(I) bromide catalysts used in coupling reactions are reduced to palladium(0) species. Conversely, palladium(0) catalysts can be activated by oxidation, with some binuclear species persisting through catalytic cycles.

More Related Videos

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles
11:54

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles

Published on: June 25, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
11:44

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles
11:54

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles

Published on: June 25, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Computational chemistry

Background:

  • Dimeric LPd(I)Br complexes are commonly employed as catalysts in various coupling reactions.
  • The precise oxidation state and mechanistic pathways of these palladium catalysts remain an area of active investigation.
  • Understanding catalyst activation is crucial for optimizing reaction efficiency and selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the oxidation state transformations of palladium catalysts during coupling reactions.
  • To determine the activation mechanisms for both dimeric LPd(I)Br and L2Pd(0) catalyst systems.
  • To investigate the stability and role of binuclear palladium species in catalytic cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations were employed to model catalytic intermediates and transition states.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to analyze reaction pathways.
  • Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were computed to assess the feasibility of proposed mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Computational studies provide strong evidence that dimeric LPd(I)Br catalysts undergo reduction to LPd(0) species prior to catalytic turnover.
  • L2Pd(0) catalysts can be activated through an oxidative process.
  • Certain binuclear palladium species have been shown to remain intact throughout the catalytic cycle.

Conclusions:

  • The widely used dimeric LPd(I)Br catalysts operate via an initial reduction to LPd(0).
  • Catalyst activation pathways are dependent on the initial palladium complex, involving either reduction or oxidation.
  • The persistence of binuclear species highlights the complexity of palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.