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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous overlap of p...
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism01:10

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism

Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The alkoxide anion...

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Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Published on: December 4, 2016

2-Cyclo-pentyl-idenehydrazine-carboxamide.

Hoong-Kun Fun, Wan-Sin Loh, Mahesh Padaki

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |September 13, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a novel compound, C(6)H(11)N(3)O. The research reveals specific molecular conformations and hydrogen bonding patterns critical for its solid-state organization.

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    Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
    10:44

    Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

    Published on: April 19, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Solid-State Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular structure and intermolecular interactions is fundamental in chemistry.
    • Semicarbazone derivatives are known for diverse biological activities.
    • Crystal engineering utilizes hydrogen bonding to design functional materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(6)H(11)N(3)O.
    • To characterize the molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.
    • To provide a foundation for further studies on related semicarbazone derivatives.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion angles.
    • Identification and analysis of hydrogen bonding networks (N-H⋯O, N-H⋯N, C-H⋯O).

    Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules of C(6)H(11)N(3)O.
    • Cyclopentane rings adopt an envelope conformation with a CH(2) group as the flap.
    • Semicarbazone groups are essentially planar, with maximum deviations of 0.0311(12) and 0.0285(12) Å.
    • Molecules are linked by N-H⋯O, N-H⋯N, and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets parallel to the ab plane.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(6)H(11)N(3)O has been successfully determined.
    • Specific conformational preferences and extensive hydrogen bonding dictate the solid-state architecture.
    • The findings contribute to the understanding of semicarbazone crystal packing and interactions.