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1,4-Dibromo-2,5-dibut-oxy-benzene
Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|September 13, 2012
Summary
This study details the crystal structure of a novel organic compound, C(14)H(20)Br(2)O(2). The molecule forms a planar structure and connects via C-Br···O halogen bonds into a 2D network.
Area of Science:
- Crystal chemistry
- Organic chemistry
- Supramolecular chemistry
Background:
- Understanding molecular arrangement in crystals is key to predicting material properties.
- Halogen bonding plays a significant role in crystal engineering and supramolecular assembly.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound C(14)H(20)Br(2)O(2).
- To investigate the intermolecular interactions, specifically halogen bonding, governing crystal packing.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
- Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and deviations from planarity was performed.
Main Results:
- The asymmetric unit contains a half-molecule at an inversion center, resulting in a centrosymmetric molecule.
- The molecule exhibits near planarity, with the butoxy group in an all-trans conformation.
- A two-dimensional corrugated network is formed through C-Br···O halogen bonds (Br···O = 3.2393 Å).
Conclusions:
- The crystal structure of C(14)H(20)Br(2)O(2) is characterized by planar molecules and an extended butoxy group.
- C-Br···O halogen bonds are the primary driving force for the formation of the observed 2D supramolecular network.
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Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model
According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model
In 1865, August Kekule suggested the structure of benzene according to the structural theory of organic chemistry based on the three assertions—formula of benzene is C6H6, all the hydrogens of benzene are equivalent, and each carbon must have four bonds due to its tetravalency.
He proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure of six carbon atoms attached to one hydrogen atom each, with three alternating pi bonds.
He proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure of six carbon atoms attached to one hydrogen atom each, with three alternating pi bonds.
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives
Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process
Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...

