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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...

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The Use of Mixed Reality in Custom-Made Revision Hip Arthroplasty: A First Case Report
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Humeral head prosthetic arthroplasty: Surgically relevant geometric considerations.

F T Ballmer1, J A Sidles, S B Lippitt

  • 1University of Washington, Department of Orthopaedics, Seattle, Wash.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
|September 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study defines the orthopedic axis for humeral prostheses, finding that component version has minimal impact on glenohumeral soft-tissue tension. Surgeon choices in head-neck length and soft-tissue release are key for arthroplasty outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Glenohumeral arthroplasty outcomes depend critically on humeral head prosthesis positioning.
  • Canal-fitting prostheses rely on the reamed medullary canal for component placement.
  • A standardized reference is needed to analyze humeral geometry and prosthetic fit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and utilize the orthopedic axis as a reference for proximal humerus geometry.
  • To compare native humeral articular surface features with prosthetic component geometry.
  • To assess the impact of component version on glenohumeral soft-tissue tension.

Main Methods:

  • Measured seven geometric parameters of 10 cadaveric proximal humeri relative to the orthopedic axis.
  • Determined prosthetic component geometry to match native humeral features.
  • Evaluated the effect of anteversion/retroversion on component fit and soft-tissue tension.

Main Results:

  • The orthopedic axis serves as a reliable reference for humeral geometry.
  • Component version (anteversion/retroversion) minimally altered combined head and neck length (max 2 mm change).
  • The effect of component version on glenohumeral soft-tissue tension is small.

Conclusions:

  • Surgeons have limited control over variables in canal-fitting humeral arthroplasty.
  • Prosthetic kinematics are primarily influenced by soft-tissue releases and head-neck length selection.
  • The orthopedic axis provides a framework for understanding component fit in shoulder arthroplasty.