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Updated: May 18, 2026

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Microwave thermotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Richard M Hoffman1, Manoj Monga, Sean P Elliott

  • 1General InternalMedicine 111GIM, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. rhoffman@unm.edu.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|September 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) offers a less invasive option for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) compared to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). While TUMT provides symptom relief, TURP demonstrates superior improvements in urinary flow and fewer retreatment needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures
  • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Management

Background:

  • Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the standard for symptomatic BPH but has significant morbidity.
  • Less invasive techniques are sought for BPH treatment, with microwave thermotherapy showing promise.
  • Microwave thermotherapy uses targeted energy to induce coagulation necrosis in prostatic tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of microwave thermotherapy for men with symptomatic benign prostatic obstruction.
  • To compare microwave thermotherapy against TURP, sham procedures, and alpha-blockers.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified through major databases and expert consultation.

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  • Included trials compared transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) with TURP, sham procedures, or medications.
  • Outcomes assessed included urinary symptoms, urinary function, prostate volume, mortality, morbidity, and retreatment rates.

    • Main Results:

    • TUMT improved International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and peak urinary flow compared to sham procedures and alpha-blockers.
    • TURP resulted in greater improvements in IPSS and peak urinary flow compared to TUMT.
    • TUMT had lower risks of retrograde ejaculation and TURP-related complications but higher risks of urinary retention and retreatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Microwave thermotherapy is an effective alternative to TURP and alpha-blockers for select BPH patients (no prior retention/procedures, prostate volume 30-100 mL).
    • TURP offers superior symptom and flow improvement and reduces re-treatment needs compared to TUMT.
    • Study limitations include small sample sizes and variations in device design, hindering direct comparisons.