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Brominated flame retardants stimulate mouse immune cells in vitro
Eiko Koike1, Rie Yanagisawa, Hidetaka Takigami
1Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|September 14, 2012
Summary
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) can stimulate immune cells, potentially enhancing allergic responses. This study investigated BFRs
Area of Science:
- Immunotoxicology
- Environmental Health
- Cellular Immunology
Background:
- Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are extensively used in consumer goods.
- While their endocrine-disrupting effects are known, their impact on immune responses remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the in vitro effects of various BFRs on immune cell phenotypes and functions.
- To elucidate the potential immunomodulatory mechanisms of BFRs.
Main Methods:
- Splenocytes and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from NC/Nga mice were exposed to BFRs (DE-71, DE-79, DE-83R, HBCD, TBBPA).
- Cell surface molecule expression (MHC class II, CD86, TCR, DEC205, CD80, CD11c) and cytokine production (IL-4) were analyzed.
Main Results:
- BFRs increased MHC class II, CD86 expression, and IL-4 production in splenocytes.
- Specific BFRs (DE-71, HBCD, TBBPA) elevated T cell receptor (TCR) expression.
- Most BFRs increased DEC205 expression on BMDCs, with HBCD-induced BMDCs showing enhanced expression of MHC class II, CD80, CD86, and CD11c.
Conclusions:
- Certain BFRs can stimulate immune cells, potentially by upregulating antigen presentation molecules and IL-4 production.
- BFRs may contribute to the induction or exacerbation of immune and allergic responses.
