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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Updated: May 18, 2026

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Published on: November 14, 2025

Mammographic screening programmes in Europe: organization, coverage and participation.

Livia Giordano¹, Lawrence von Karsa, Mariano Tomatis

¹Epidemiologist, Epidemiology Unit, CPO Piemonte, AOU S Giovanni Battista, Turin, Italy. livia.giordano@cpo.it

Journal of Medical Screening

|September 14, 2012

Summary

European breast cancer screening programs show variable participation, with an average of 53.4% of invited women screened. The EUNICE Breast Cancer Screening Monitoring (EBCSM) system demonstrates feasibility for European-wide monitoring.

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Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Published on: November 14, 2025

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Detection of Architectural Distortion in Prior Mammograms via Analysis of Oriented Patterns

Published on: August 30, 2013

Area of Science:

Public Health
Oncology
Epidemiology

Background:

Population mammographic screening programs are crucial for early breast cancer detection in Europe.
Monitoring participation and coverage is essential for evaluating program effectiveness and identifying areas for improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize participation and coverage rates in European population mammographic screening programs.
To assess the feasibility of European-wide screening monitoring using a centralized data warehouse.

Main Methods:

Utilized the European Network for Information on Cancer (EUNICE) data warehouse, specifically the EBCSM system.
Collected data on program characteristics, coverage, and participation from national and regional programs across 18 European countries.
Data primarily focused on the years 2005-2007, targeting women aged 50-69.

Main Results:

The study covered 26.9 million women, with an average participation rate of 53.4% (66.4% excluding Poland).
Only 48.2% of the target population were actually screened, despite high invitation coverage (79.3%).
Thirteen of 26 programs met the EU benchmark for acceptable participation (>70%).

Conclusions:

The EBCSM data warehouse facilitates European-wide screening monitoring, though system refinement and data harmonization are needed.
Significant variations in examination coverage (more than three-fold difference) necessitate careful consideration during program evaluation.
Further efforts are required to fully integrate all European countries into the monitoring system.