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Updated: May 18, 2026
Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
Published on: August 4, 2021
Office hysteroscopic findings in patients with two, three, and four or more, consecutive miscarriages
Berna Seckin1, Esma Sarikaya, Ayla Sargin Oruc
1Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. bernaseckin1@hotmail.com
Objectives:
To assess hysteroscopic findings in patients with two, three, and four or more, consecutive miscarriages, and to compare the prevalence of uterine abnormalities between women with different numbers of such miscarriages.
Methods:
Two hundred and sixty-five women with two or more consecutive miscarriages were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into three groups according to the number of their miscarriages: Group 1 (two miscarriages, n = 151), Group 2 (three miscariages, n = 69), and Group 3 (four or more miscarriages, n = 45). All participants underwent a diagnostic hysteroscopy. Congenital (arcuate uterus, septate uterus, unicornuate uterus) and acquired uterine abnormalities (intrauterine adhesions, polyp and submucous myoma) were recorded. The hysteroscopic results were compared between the groups.
Results:
No anomalies were detected in 152 patients (57%), whereas 43 (16%) had a septate uterus, 30 (11%) an arcuate uterus, three (1%) a unicornuate uterus, 18 (7%) intrauterine adhesions, 17 (6 %) endometrial polyps, and two (1%) a submucous myoma. No significant differences were found between the groups with regard to either congenital or acquired uterine abnormalities.
Conclusions:
Patients with two, three, and four or more consecutive miscarriages have a similar prevalence of uterine anatomical abnormalities. Diagnostic hysteroscopy should be carried out after two such miscarriages.
