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Published on: February 15, 2020
Aqueous humor oxidative stress proteomic levels in primary open angle glaucoma
A Bagnis1, A Izzotti, M Centofanti
1University of Genova, Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. alebagnis@libero.it
Experimental Eye Research
|September 15, 2012
Summary
Glaucoma patients show altered levels of key enzymes in aqueous humor, with lower antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GST) and higher NOS and GS. These findings suggest potential oxidative stress markers for glaucoma diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Biochemistry
- Proteomics
Background:
- Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
- Understanding the molecular mechanisms, particularly oxidative stress, is crucial for POAG management.
- Aqueous humor analysis offers insights into the intraocular environment in glaucoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the differential expression of glutamine synthase (GS), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione transferase (GST) in the aqueous humor of POAG patients compared to controls.
- To identify potential biomarkers for POAG using antibody microarray technology.
Main Methods:
- Aqueous humor proteome analysis using antibody microarray technology.
- Protein detection via Cy3/Cy5 labeling, column purification, and hybridization on antibody-spotted glass microarrays.
- Quantification of fluorescent signals using fluorescence laser scanning.
Main Results:
- Significantly lower levels of SOD (2.0-fold) and GST (2.2-fold) were observed in POAG patients (p < 0.01).
- Significantly higher levels of NOS (2.2-fold) and GS (2.6-fold) were found in POAG patients (p < 0.01).
- Substantial differences in GS, NOS2, SOD, and GST levels were confirmed between POAG patients and controls.
Conclusions:
- Altered expression of GS, NOS2, SOD, and GST in aqueous humor suggests a role in POAG pathogenesis.
- Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) via inducible NOS may contribute to TM dysfunction.
- Reduced antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GST) could exacerbate oxidative stress in glaucoma.
- These proteins may serve as valuable oxidative stress markers in the aqueous humor of glaucoma patients.
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