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Related Concept Videos

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides01:18

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides

Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and synthetically important derivatives. They are useful reagents for Friedel–Crafts acylation of some aromatic compounds.
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

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In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Assessment of Labile Organic Carbon in Soil Using Sequential Fumigation Incubation Procedures
09:04

Assessment of Labile Organic Carbon in Soil Using Sequential Fumigation Incubation Procedures

Published on: October 29, 2016

Cl2 deposition on soil matrices.

John Hearn1, Jeffery Eichler, Christopher Hare

  • 1Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Airbase Technologies Division, 139 Barnes Dr. Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403, USA. john.hearn.7@us.af.mil

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|September 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Soil organic matter significantly enhances chlorine gas (Cl(2)) deposition, acting as a crucial chemical sink. This finding is vital for understanding large-scale gas release impacts and soil remediation strategies.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Soil Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

  • Assessing the environmental fate of chemical releases is critical.
  • Understanding the role of soil as a chemical sink for atmospheric contaminants is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate chlorine gas (Cl(2)) deposition on synthetic soil matrices.
  • To determine the influence of soil properties on Cl(2) sequestration.
  • To evaluate soil as a potential chemical sink during large-scale Cl(2) releases.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental deposition of Cl(2) in a controlled chamber using synthetic soil samples.
  • Analysis of Cl(2) deposition across varying soil compositions (organic matter, clay, sand).
  • Kinetic modeling of Cl(2) deposition incorporating fast and slow reaction rates.

Main Results:

  • Organic matter content was the dominant factor influencing Cl(2) deposition.
  • Other soil variables (clay, sand, packing, UV light) showed no significant effect.
  • A kinetic model accurately predicted Cl(2) deposition within a factor of two.

Conclusions:

  • Soil, particularly organically rich soil, can act as a significant chemical sink for chlorine gas.
  • High deposition rates, up to 160 metric tons/km², were observed for soils with 10% organic content.
  • Inferred deposition velocities reached 0.5 cm/s for organically rich soils, highlighting their environmental importance.