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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

How to fine-tune an epigenetic switch.

Nuno D Pires1, Ueli Grossniklaus

  • 1Institute of Plant Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland. nuno.pires@botinst.uzh.ch

Developmental Cell
|September 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Plants adapt to seasonal changes by regulating flowering time. A study in Science found that modifying a Polycomb target sequence can adjust the flowering switch, aiding climate adaptation.

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Climate adaptation

Background:

  • Arabidopsis thaliana uses the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) gene to repress flowering during winter.
  • Prolonged cold exposure leads to the silencing of FLC, enabling spring flowering.
  • Plants need mechanisms to adjust flowering time for diverse climates.

Discussion:

  • FLC repression is a key epigenetic process controlled by Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRCs).
  • The study investigated how PRC binding to FLC chromatin is regulated by cold.
  • Understanding this regulation is crucial for plant adaptation to varying temperatures.

Key Insights:

  • A specific Polycomb target sequence within FLC is critical for cold-induced silencing.
  • Altering this sequence can modify the plant's flowering response to cold.

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An Engineered Split-TET2 Enzyme for Chemical-inducible DNA Hydroxymethylation and Epigenetic Remodeling
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An Engineered Split-TET2 Enzyme for Chemical-inducible DNA Hydroxymethylation and Epigenetic Remodeling

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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  • This suggests a potential mechanism for fine-tuning flowering time.

    • Outlook:

    • This finding opens avenues for crop improvement by enhancing climate resilience.
    • Further research could explore similar mechanisms in other plant species.
    • Genetic or epigenetic modifications could optimize flowering time for agriculture.