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One Health and emerging infectious diseases: clinical perspectives
1Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 135 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA, peter.rabinowitz@yale.edu.
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|September 15, 2012
Summary
Veterinary and human health professionals can enhance One Health approaches by recognizing zoonotic diseases as sentinel events. Improved communication and training are crucial for preventing emerging infectious diseases.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Human Medicine
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Current clinical practices for zoonotic diseases involve parallel work by human and animal health professionals with limited communication.
- A One Health model requires enhanced collaboration and communication between human and veterinary clinicians.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline specific One Health clinical activities for veterinary and human health providers regarding emerging infectious diseases.
- To emphasize the role of clinicians in identifying sentinel events and environmental risks for disease emergence.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of current clinical paradigms and One Health principles.
- Identification of key competencies for One Health clinical practice.
Main Results:
- Clinicians can identify individual cases as sentinel events indicating environmental disease risks.
- Proactive and preventive approaches are needed, including occupational health for animal workers and risk assessment for immunocompromised individuals.
- Essential One Health competencies include diagnosing zoonotic diseases, preventive care, occupational health, recognizing sentinel cases, reporting, and assessing environmental factors.
Conclusions:
- Development and testing of innovative protocols for One Health clinical collaborations are needed to build an evidence base for competency training.
- Enhanced clinical activities and cross-professional communication are vital for a One Health approach to emerging infectious diseases.
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