From the radiologic pathology archives: cardiac lymphoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Lymphoma involving the heart and pericardium is uncommon, typically occurring as part of disseminated disease.
• It represents a small percentage of primary cardiac tumors and extranodal lymphomas.
• Diffuse large cell lymphomas are the most frequent type, often presenting as infiltrative masses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cardiac and pericardial lymphoma.
• To highlight the importance of early detection in improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on cardiac and pericardial lymphoma.
• Analysis of imaging findings (CT, MRI) and clinical manifestations.
• Summary of current treatment strategies and prognostic factors.

Main Results:

• Cardiac lymphoma most commonly affects the right atrium, presenting as ill-defined masses.
• Pericardial effusion and thickening are common early signs.
• Clinical symptoms include arrhythmias and atrioventricular block.
• Imaging shows variable characteristics on CT and MRI.
• Treatment involves chemotherapy (anthracycline-based, anti-CD20) and sometimes radiation therapy or palliative surgery.

Conclusions:

• Cardiac lymphoma is a rare but serious condition with a generally poor prognosis.
• Late diagnosis is a significant factor contributing to poor outcomes.
• Multidisciplinary treatment approaches are essential for managing this malignancy.