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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
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Updated: May 18, 2026

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy Assisted by Cyanoacrylate and Clips for Gastroesophageal Varices
04:09

Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy Assisted by Cyanoacrylate and Clips for Gastroesophageal Varices

Published on: June 13, 2025

New endoscopic hemostasis methods.

En-Ling Leung Ki1, James Y W Lau

  • 1Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Clinical Endoscopy
|September 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endoscopic treatments for upper GI bleeding have advanced, with monotherapy like thermocoagulation or hemoclips showing effectiveness. Newer tools and techniques offer promise for refractory cases and chronic ulcers.

Keywords:
Endoscopic haemostasisUpper gastrointestinal bleeding

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endoscopic interventions
  • Gastrointestinal bleeding management

Background:

  • Endoscopic treatment for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding has evolved significantly.
  • Epinephrine injection alone is often insufficient, necessitating combination therapy or alternative modalities.
  • Advancements in endoscopic devices and techniques are continually improving hemostasis rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and current status of endoscopic treatments for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various endoscopic monotherapies and combination therapies.
  • To highlight emerging endoscopic techniques and their potential applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and established endoscopic practices for non-variceal upper GI bleeding.
  • Analysis of comparative data on different endoscopic hemostasis modalities.
  • Discussion of novel endoscopic devices and experimental treatments.

Main Results:

  • Monotherapy with thermocoagulation or hemoclips demonstrates comparable efficacy to dual therapies.
  • Adsorptive powder (Hemo-spray) shows promise but requires further comparative studies.
  • Improved hemoclips and over-the-scope clips offer enhanced capabilities for complex bleeding scenarios.
  • Experimental treatments like endoscopic suturing and echo-endoscopy guided therapy are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Current endoscopic strategies for non-variceal upper GI bleeding emphasize effective monotherapy or advanced techniques.
  • Novel endoscopic devices and approaches are expanding treatment options for refractory and complex cases.
  • Angiographic embolization remains a crucial option for select patients with chronic ulcers failing endoscopic treatment.