[Limbal deficiency syndrome]

The cornea, the transparent tissue of the eye, is formed by an epithelium of five distinct layers that is in continual renewal through a population of limbocorneal stem cells located in the basal layer. Its normal activity depends on a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that altered, can lead to partial or total loss of progenitor cells leading to a progressive loss of vision. This article reviews the importance of this crippling disease, constituting a major health problem. Several techniques have been developed, but the transplant of the limbus using autograft or allograft accompanied by a treatment to suppress inflammation and neovascularization is still the most widely used. At present, this procedure is being replaced by the new techniques of tissue engineering, which have multiple benefits, such as more safety, efficiency, elimination of the risks of rejection, decrease of time of treatment and lower costs. The use of limbal cells cultures has made possible to develop a more secure and refined technology. In this review we emphasize one of these techniques, which has proven to be very effective and advantageous to produce the epithelium of the cornea in vitro.