Individual and system-related factors associated with the costs of intellectual and developmental disabilities

The factors associated with the cost of intellectual and developmental disabilities are the prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders, limited access to specialized services, the high cost of prescription medication, strained relationships with providers, and not enough latitude when it comes to selection of services. These factors work together to create an environment that is either conducive to or prohibitive of quality patient outcomes and improved perceptions of publicly-provided health care. Improving any of these factors would undoubtedly lower the overall annual cost. However, more research is required to understand how these factors affect both cost and perceptions. The factors addressed in this paper are the difference between mental healthcare and general healthcare; the prevalence of intellectual and developmental disabilities; the sociological impact of Medicaid services; out-of-pocket expenses; use of specialized mental health services; access to specialized services; and patients' relationship with providers.