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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Zero-quantum stochastic dipolar recoupling in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance.

Wei Qiang1, Robert Tycko

  • 1Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0520, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|September 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new zero-quantum stochastic dipolar recoupling (ZQ-SDR) technique enhances solid-state NMR studies of carbon-13 labeled molecules. This method accurately describes spin dynamics and avoids dipolar truncation, aiding structural analysis of proteins.

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Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
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Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
10:54

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
  • Biophysical chemistry
  • Structural biology

Background:

  • Solid-state NMR is crucial for determining the structure of biomolecules.
  • Accurate internuclear distance measurements are vital for structural elucidation.
  • Existing techniques can suffer from dipolar truncation, limiting structural information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel zero-quantum stochastic dipolar recoupling (ZQ-SDR) technique.
  • To demonstrate the capability of ZQ-SDR for studying (13)C-labeled molecules under magic-angle spinning (MAS).
  • To show that ZQ-SDR overcomes limitations of previous methods, like dipolar truncation.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical description of the ZQ-SDR technique combining zero-quantum recoupling and stochastic chemical shift modulation.
  • Experimental implementation of ZQ-SDR on uniformly and partially (13)C-labeled L-valine and protein GB1 samples.
  • Analysis of spin dynamics using orientation-dependent polarization transfer rate matrices.

Main Results:

  • ZQ-SDR effectively creates uncorrelated (13)C-(13)C spin couplings, inversely proportional to the sixth power of internuclear distances.
  • The technique successfully suppresses dipolar truncation, allowing for more complete polarization transfer.
  • Experimental data from L-valine and protein GB1 validate the theoretical rate matrix description of spin dynamics under ZQ-SDR.

Conclusions:

  • ZQ-SDR provides an accurate and robust method for measuring internuclear distances in (13)C-labeled solids.
  • The technique is suitable for structural studies of proteins and other biomolecules using solid-state NMR.
  • ZQ-SDR offers a significant advancement for structural biology applications requiring high-resolution solid-state NMR data.