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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.3K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.3K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

30.0K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
30.0K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
8.8K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

21.5K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
21.5K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.3K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
20.3K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.2K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Phase Transitions and Effect of Intermolecular Forces
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Phase Transitions and Effect of Intermolecular Forces

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Behind the movement.

Dagmar Ringe1, Gregory A Petsko

  • 1Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. ringe@brandeis.edu

Cell
|September 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The Lasker Award honors discoveries in cell biology, specifically the biophysical actions of motor proteins. These protein machines are crucial for intracellular transport, muscle contraction, and cell movement.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Motors

Background:

  • Cytoskeletal motor proteins are essential molecular machines within cells.
  • These proteins perform critical functions such as intracellular cargo transport, muscle contraction, and enabling cell motility.
  • Understanding the biophysical mechanisms of these motor proteins is fundamental to cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the groundbreaking discoveries in the field of cytoskeletal motor proteins.
  • To recognize the contributions of Michael Sheetz, James Spudich, and Ronald Vale.
  • To underscore the significance of understanding the biophysical actions of these cellular machines.

Main Methods:

  • The award recognizes fundamental discoveries, implying a focus on foundational research.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Phase Transitions and Effect of Intermolecular Forces
02:31

Phase Transitions and Effect of Intermolecular Forces

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Transition Metals: Electron Configurations and Properties
02:58

Transition Metals: Electron Configurations and Properties

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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions: Concerted &amp; Sequential Model
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  • Methods likely involved biophysical techniques to study protein function.
  • Investigating molecular mechanisms of movement and force generation.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed understanding of how motor proteins generate force and movement.
    • Elucidation of the biophysical principles governing intracellular transport.
    • Insights into the mechanics of muscle contraction and cell motility.

    Conclusions:

    • The work by Sheetz, Spudich, and Vale has revolutionized our understanding of cellular mechanics.
    • These discoveries have broad implications for medicine, including muscle diseases and cancer metastasis.
    • The biophysical actions of cytoskeletal motors represent a cornerstone of modern cell biology.