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Related Concept Videos

Osmoregulation in Fishes02:32

Osmoregulation in Fishes

When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
Responses to Salt Stress02:02

Responses to Salt Stress

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Isolation, Fixation and Characterization of Juvenile Gilthead Seabream Head Kidney Leukocytes by Flow Cytometry
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Salinity change impairs pipefish immune defence.

Simone C Birrer1, Thorsten B H Reusch, Olivia Roth

  • 1Helmholtz Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel-GEOMAR, Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany.

Fish & Shellfish Immunology
|September 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global climate change alters Baltic Sea salinity, impacting fish immune responses. Lowered salinity impairs pipefish immunity against bacterial infections due to resource trade-offs.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Marine biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Global change drives rapid environmental shifts, including salinity fluctuations in brackish ecosystems like the Baltic Sea.
  • Decreased salinity is predicted due to increased precipitation and freshwater inflow, with heavy rainfall exacerbating nearshore variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of experimentally altered salinities on the immune function of broad-nosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle).
  • To assess pipefish immune response to Vibrio bacterial infection under varying salinity conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of salinity levels (control: 18 PSU, lowered: 6 PSU, increased: 30 PSU).
  • Infection of pipefish with Vibrio bacteria.
  • Analysis of immune cell activity, proliferation, and immune gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Salinity changes generally increased immune cell activity and proliferation.
  • Pipefish at low salinity showed impaired specific immune responses upon Vibrio infection.
  • Reduced monocyte, lymphocyte proliferation, and immune gene expression were observed at low salinity.

Conclusions:

  • Salinity stress creates a resource allocation trade-off, diverting resources from immune defense to osmoregulation.
  • Altered salinity and infection dynamics threaten coastal fish communities.
  • This highlights the vulnerability of fish immune systems to environmental stressors associated with global change.