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Neuroplasticity01:01

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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Changes in brain structure during learning: fact or artifact? Reply to Thomas and Baker.

R Douglas Fields1

  • 1Nervous System Development and Plasticity Section, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bldg. 35, Room 2A211, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. fieldsd@mail.nih.gov

Neuroimage
|September 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This commentary challenges a review questioning human neuroimaging findings. It reaffirms that robust evidence from animal and human studies supports experience-induced brain structure changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Plasticity

Background:

  • Longitudinal human neuroimaging studies report structural plasticity.
  • A recent review by Thomas and Baker questions the validity of these findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address criticisms regarding longitudinal human neuroimaging studies.
  • To present evidence supporting experience-dependent structural brain alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of arguments presented in the Thomas and Baker review.
  • Synthesis of evidence from animal and human neuroimaging research.

Main Results:

  • Identified limitations and inconsistencies in the critique of neuroimaging studies.
  • Compiled substantial evidence demonstrating experience-induced changes in brain structure.

Conclusions:

  • The validity of longitudinal human neuroimaging studies demonstrating structural plasticity is supported.
  • Experience is a significant factor in altering brain structure across species.