Tuberculosis of the arterio-venous graft in a renal transplant recipient

A 44-year-old Pakistani lady with end-stage renal disease secondary to rapidly proliferative glomerulonephritis underwent successful renal transplantation. Three years later, she was referred to the surgeon with an abscess in the axillary region at the site of a previous arterio-venous (AV) graft. She underwent repeated incision and drainage of the abscess, which was constantly recurring. Nine months later, she presented with a tender swelling at the site of the AV graft with purulent discharge. The graft was removed; culture and histology confirmed the presence of tuberculosis (TB). This patient presents a rare case of TB infection in the AV graft.