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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

RNA processing enables predictable programming of gene expression.

Lei Qi1, Rachel E Haurwitz, Wenjun Shao

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.

Nature Biotechnology
|September 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists engineered a synthetic RNA-processing platform using CRISPR technology. This system enables predictable control of gene networks in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes for complex biological system construction.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genetic component interactions in multigene systems lead to unpredictable performance.
  • Precise control over gene expression is crucial for designing complex biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a synthetic RNA-processing platform using CRISPR for predictable regulation of multigene operons.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of CRISPR-mediated RNA cleavage for genetic element assembly and regulation across diverse organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) pathway to create a synthetic RNA-processing system.
  • Employed CRISPR-mediated cleavage to physically separate linked genetic elements within single- and multigene operons.
  • Tested the platform's regulatory capabilities in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved efficient and specific cleavage of precursor mRNA, enabling reliable gene regulation.
  • Demonstrated successful assembly of functional genetic elements, including promoters and riboregulators, into operons.
  • Validated CRISPR-based RNA cleavage as an effective regulatory mechanism across bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-mediated RNA processing provides a robust strategy for predictable control of multigene operons.
  • This programmable RNA processing facilitates the creation of context-free genetic elements for modular biological system assembly.
  • The developed platform offers a versatile, plug-and-play approach for constructing increasingly complex biological systems.