Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 18, 2026

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
Published on: January 27, 2018
Role of female reproductive hormones in musicians' dystonia
Jaume Rosset-Llobet1, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Silvia Fàbregas-Molas
1Institut de Fisiologia i Medicina de l'Art-Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. info@institutart.com
Unlabelled:
Musicians' dystonia is an occupational focal dystonia affecting men more often than women.
Methods:
We identified all patients presenting with musicians' dystonia and prospectively collected data on reproductive and menstrual history from the women with musician's dystonia and female musicians without dystonia.
Results:
149 men and 23 women (13.37%) with musician's dystonia where identified. We did not identify any effect of contraceptive hormones, pregnancy, or menstrual phases on dystonia symptoms, but as compared with women without dystonia, those with musician's dystonia reported oligomenorrhea and menometrorrhagia significantly less frequently.
Conclusions:
Our data reinforce the relation between sex hormones variations and musicians' dystonia. This link should be further explored to identify mechanisms and assess whether certain hormonal interventions might protect from the manifestation of dystonia.
More Related Videos
10:41Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
Published on: September 12, 2020
06:22Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis
Published on: September 1, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Gonadal and Placental Hormones
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Major Hormones and Their Functions
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...