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Control by a hair's breadth: the role of microRNAs in the skin
1Department of Medicine/Division of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, Room A2310B, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2600, USA.
Abstract:
MicroRNAs have continued to attract enormous interest in the scientific community ever since their discovery. Their allure stems from their unique role in posttranscriptional gene expression control as well as their potential application as therapeutic targets in various disease pathologies. While much is known concerning their general biological function, such as their interaction with RNA-induced silencing complexes, many important questions still remain unanswered, especially regarding their functions in the skin. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the role of microRNAs in the skin in order to shine new light on our understanding of cutaneous biology and emphasize the significance of these small, single-stranded RNA molecules in the largest organ of the human body. Key events in epidermal and hair follicle biology, including differentiation, proliferation, and pigmentation, all involve microRNAs. We explore the role of microRNAs in several cutaneous processes, such as appendage formation, wound-healing, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, carcinogenesis, immune response, and aging. In addition, we discuss current trends in research and offer suggestions for future studies.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for skin biology, regulating key processes like differentiation and wound healing. This review highlights their significant roles in the skin and future research directions.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Dermatology
- Genetics
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
- Their involvement in various cellular processes is well-established, but their specific roles in skin biology require further elucidation.
- Understanding miRNA functions is critical for addressing skin diseases and developing novel therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current knowledge on the functions of microRNAs in the skin.
- To highlight the significance of miRNAs in cutaneous biology and disease.
- To identify knowledge gaps and suggest future research avenues.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on microRNAs in skin biology.
- Analysis of studies investigating miRNA involvement in epidermal and hair follicle functions.
- Exploration of miRNA roles in various cutaneous processes and diseases.
Main Results:
- MicroRNAs are integral to key epidermal and hair follicle events, including differentiation, proliferation, and pigmentation.
- These small RNAs play significant roles in appendage formation, wound healing, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, carcinogenesis, immune response, and skin aging.
- Numerous miRNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various skin conditions.
Conclusions:
- MicroRNAs are essential regulators of skin homeostasis and function.
- Targeting specific microRNAs holds therapeutic potential for a range of dermatological conditions.
- Further research is needed to fully unravel the complex roles of microRNAs in the skin and their clinical applications.
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