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Related Concept Videos

Protein Import into the Peroxisomes01:27

Protein Import into the Peroxisomes

Cells contain membrane-bound organelles called peroxisomes that oxidize organic molecules by transferring hydrogen atoms to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomes enzymatically convert the released hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Peroxisomal Protein Import:
Peroxisomes lack the genetic machinery required to code for their own proteins. Hence, most peroxisomal membrane, lumenal and transmembrane proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm or ER and transported to the peroxisome...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Peroxisomes and Mitochondria01:30

Peroxisomes and Mitochondria

Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.
The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within peroxisomes...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the translocon complex.

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Monitoring Stub1-Mediated Pexophagy
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The exportomer: the peroxisomal receptor export machinery.

Harald W Platta1, Stefanie Hagen, Ralf Erdmann

  • 1Abteilung für Systembiochemie, Medizinische Fakultät der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany. harald.platta@rub.de

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|September 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Peroxisomal import receptors are recycled from the peroxisome membrane via a unique export machinery. This process involves ubiquitination and ATP-dependent extraction, potentially acting as a molecular motor for protein import.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Organelle Biology
  • Molecular Mechanisms

Background:

  • Peroxisomes are vital organelles in eukaryotic cells with dynamic metabolic functions.
  • Proper function relies on the import of matrix enzymes synthesized in the cytosol.
  • Specific receptors mediate the transport of these proteins to the peroxisomal membrane.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the architecture and function of the peroxisomal receptor export machinery.
  • To elucidate the role of the peroxisomal exportomer in protein import.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research on peroxisomal protein import and receptor recycling.
  • Focuses on the molecular machinery involved in receptor dislocation.

Main Results:

  • Peroxisomal matrix proteins are imported via soluble receptors.
  • Receptor export from the peroxisomal membrane involves ubiquitination and ATP-dependent extraction.
  • This export machinery is the only known energy-dependent step in peroxisomal matrix protein import.

Conclusions:

  • The peroxisomal export machinery may function as a molecular motor.
  • It couples ATP-dependent receptor removal with cargo translocation during protein import.
  • Understanding the peroxisomal exportomer is key to comprehending peroxisomal biogenesis and function.