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Related Concept Videos

Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Engineering 'Golden' Fluorescence by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids and Protein Analysis by Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence
11:51

Engineering 'Golden' Fluorescence by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids and Protein Analysis by Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence

Published on: April 27, 2018

Flavin mononucleotide-based fluorescent proteins function in mammalian cells without oxygen requirement.

Janine Walter1, Sascha Hausmann, Thomas Drepper

  • 1Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Janine.Walter@googlemail.com

Plos One
|September 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Flavin mononucleotide-based fluorescent proteins (FbFPs) offer a novel solution for live-cell imaging under hypoxia. Unlike enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), FbFPs maintain fluorescence in low-oxygen environments, crucial for disease research.

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Engineering 'Golden' Fluorescence by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids and Protein Analysis by Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence
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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular imaging

Background:

  • Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) requires oxygen for chromophore formation, limiting its use in hypoxic mammalian cells.
  • Hypoxia is prevalent in many disease states and experimental models, potentially biasing eGFP-based studies.
  • A need exists for oxygen-independent fluorescent markers in mammalian cell research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functionality of flavin mononucleotide-based fluorescent proteins (FbFPs) in mammalian cells.
  • To assess FbFPs as potential alternatives to eGFP under hypoxic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Expression of FbFPs in various mammalian cell types, including murine neural stem cells (proliferative and differentiated).
  • Comparison of fluorescence intensity and stability between FbFPs and eGFP.
  • Exposure of labeled cells to defined hypoxic conditions to evaluate fluorescence retention.

Main Results:

  • FbFPs were successfully expressed in mammalian cells with fluorescence comparable to eGFP.
  • FbFP fluorescence remained stable under hypoxic conditions in both proliferating and differentiated cells.
  • eGFP fluorescence significantly decreased under hypoxia, unlike FbFPs.

Conclusions:

  • FbFPs are functional in mammalian cells and provide reliable fluorescence independent of oxygen levels.
  • FbFPs represent a valuable alternative to eGFP for imaging under hypoxic conditions.
  • This expands the toolkit for studying cellular structures in oxygen-deprived environments.