Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Cardiovascular-Renal Protection in Sepsis.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2026
Same author

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2025/26: Catalytic receptors.

British journal of pharmacology·2025
Same author

Effects of physiological doses of atrial natriuretic peptide on lipolysis, ketogenesis, and glucose metabolism in men.

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism·2025
Same author

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide: Protecting the Aorta.

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology·2025
Same author

Significance of common genetic variants associated with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy in the general population.

European journal of heart failure·2025
Same author

NPA7: A Dual Receptor Activating Peptide That Inhibits Cardiac Oxidative Stress.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Evaluation of the Efficacy And Toxicity of RNAs Targeting HIV-1 Production for Use in Gene or Drug Therapy
12:03

Evaluation of the Efficacy And Toxicity of RNAs Targeting HIV-1 Production for Use in Gene or Drug Therapy

Published on: September 5, 2016

Creating genetic resistance to HIV.

John C Burnett1, John A Zaia, John J Rossi

  • 1Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|September 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Gene therapy offers a potential cure for HIV/AIDS by creating genetic resistance, reducing reliance on lifelong antiretroviral drugs. This review explores advances and challenges in gene-based HIV treatments currently in clinical trials.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Virology

Background:

  • HIV/AIDS is a chronic, incurable condition despite advances in combination antiretroviral therapy.
  • Gene therapy presents a promising alternative to lifelong antiviral drug treatment.
  • Current research focuses on developing genetic resistance to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current progress and limitations of gene therapy for HIV/AIDS.
  • To examine various anti-HIV genes and therapeutic strategies in clinical development.
  • To discuss the status of ongoing and recent clinical studies involving genetic therapies for HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gene therapy for HIV/AIDS.
  • Analysis of different types of anti-HIV genes, including gene-editing enzymes, protein inhibitors, and RNA therapeutics.

More Related Videos

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

Stem-cell Based Engineered Immunity Against HIV Infection in the Humanized Mouse Model
11:38

Stem-cell Based Engineered Immunity Against HIV Infection in the Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: July 2, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Evaluation of the Efficacy And Toxicity of RNAs Targeting HIV-1 Production for Use in Gene or Drug Therapy
12:03

Evaluation of the Efficacy And Toxicity of RNAs Targeting HIV-1 Production for Use in Gene or Drug Therapy

Published on: September 5, 2016

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses
14:23

A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

Published on: August 31, 2014

Stem-cell Based Engineered Immunity Against HIV Infection in the Humanized Mouse Model
11:38

Stem-cell Based Engineered Immunity Against HIV Infection in the Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: July 2, 2016

  • Examination of cell-based therapies using genetically modified T lymphocytes and hematopoietic stem cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Multiple anti-HIV genes, including gene-editing enzymes, protein-based inhibitors, and RNA therapeutics, have entered clinical trials.
    • Combinations of therapeutic genes targeting viral and host factors are being investigated to enhance potency and prevent resistance.
    • Cell-based approaches involve genetically modifying T lymphocytes or stem cells to create an HIV-resistant immune system.

    Conclusions:

    • Gene therapy holds significant potential for a functional cure for HIV/AIDS by establishing genetic resistance.
    • Strategies involving combinations of therapeutic genes and cell-based approaches are advancing.
    • Further research and clinical studies are crucial to overcome limitations and optimize gene therapy for widespread application in managing HIV/AIDS.