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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Preparation of Neutrally-charged, pH-responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cytosolic siRNA Delivery

Preparation of Neutrally-charged, pH-responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cytosolic siRNA Delivery

Published on: May 2, 2019

Structural modification of siRNA for efficient gene silencing.

So Jin Lee¹, Sejin Son, Ji Young Yhee

¹Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.

Biotechnology Advances

|September 19, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Structural modification of small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhances its condensation with cationic polymers. This improves stability and delivery efficiency for genomic medicine applications.

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Chitosan/Interfering RNA Nanoparticle Mediated Gene Silencing in Disease Vector Mosquito Larvae

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Preparation of Neutrally-charged, pH-responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cytosolic siRNA Delivery

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Published on: May 2, 2019

Chitosan/Interfering RNA Nanoparticle Mediated Gene Silencing in Disease Vector Mosquito Larvae

Chitosan/Interfering RNA Nanoparticle Mediated Gene Silencing in Disease Vector Mosquito Larvae

Published on: March 25, 2015

Area of Science:

Genomic medicine
Biotechnology
Drug delivery systems

Background:

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) offers targeted gene silencing for therapeutics.
siRNA's clinical application is limited by poor stability, low charge density, and inefficient delivery.
Effective systemic siRNA delivery requires small, compact polyplexes with cationic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

To review innovative strategies for structural modification of siRNA.
To enhance siRNA condensation with cationic polymers for improved delivery.
To discuss advancements in siRNA structural modification for therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

Review of methodologies including hybridization, chemical polymerization, and micro/nano-structurization of siRNA.
Analysis of how structural changes affect siRNA's physico-chemical properties.
Evaluation of condensed siRNA polyplexes for in vivo performance.

Main Results:

Structured siRNA exhibits increased charge density and flexibility, enabling better condensation.
Highly condensed and homogenous polyplexes are formed with structured siRNA.
Improved serum stability, target delivery efficiency, and biodistribution are achieved.

Conclusions:

Structural modification of siRNA is a promising approach to overcome delivery challenges.
Enhanced siRNA polyplexes can improve therapeutic outcomes in genomic medicine.
Further research into structured siRNA holds potential for advanced therapeutics.