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Related Concept Videos

Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Colonization of Euprymna scolopes Squid by Vibrio fischeri
08:58

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Published on: March 1, 2012

2011: the scurvy Odyssey.

V R Bernardino1, Pedro Mendes-Bastos, Carla Noronha

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine 2, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal. verarodber@gmail.com

BMJ Case Reports
|September 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scurvy, a rare but serious condition, was diagnosed in an alcoholic man with hepatitis C. Prompt vitamin C treatment led to significant recovery, highlighting the importance of considering nutritional deficiencies.

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Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcoholism are significant public health concerns.
  • Nutritional deficiencies can complicate chronic liver disease and impact patient outcomes.
  • Scurvy, historically associated with poor nutrition, is increasingly rare but can be misdiagnosed.

Observation:

  • A 50-year-old male with chronic HCV and alcoholism presented with fever, ecchymoses, and petechiae.
  • Initial presentation mimicked other conditions, delaying the diagnosis of scurvy.
  • Clinical signs included extensive bruising and small red-purple spots on the legs.

Findings:

  • Laboratory assessment and clinical examination confirmed scurvy as the underlying diagnosis.
  • Vitamin C replacement therapy resulted in a dramatic improvement in the patient's condition.
  • This case underscores the potential for scurvy to present atypically in patients with chronic diseases.

Implications:

  • Scurvy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained bruising and petechiae, especially those with risk factors like alcoholism or chronic illness.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment with vitamin C are crucial to prevent severe complications.
  • A multidisciplinary approach can aid in accurate diagnosis and management, avoiding unnecessary investigations and improving patient outcomes.