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Multi-scale kinetics of a field-directed colloidal phase transition.

James W Swan1, Paula A Vasquez, Peggy A Whitson

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers annealed gels of polarizable colloids by toggling magnetic fields. This periodic field variation allowed arrested structures to relax, forming equilibrium phases and enabling directed assembly of new materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid science
  • Soft matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Polarizable colloids typically form crystalline phases in uniform fields.
  • Localized colloids can arrest phase transitions, forming kinetically trapped structures.
  • Magneto-rheological fluid gels can exhibit arrested states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the annealing of arrested colloidal gel structures.
  • To explore the effect of periodic field variation on colloidal phase transitions.
  • To understand directed assembly of colloidal materials.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of gels from magneto-rheological fluids.
  • Annealing by toggling magnetic field strength at varied frequencies.
  • Observation of structural relaxation and domain growth regimes.

Main Results:

  • Identified two distinct growth regimes: diffusive relaxation and field-driven coalescence.
  • Established a boundary distinguishing these regimes based on field strength and frequency.
  • Demonstrated subversion of kinetic barriers to colloidal phase transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Periodic variation of driving forces can overcome kinetic arrest in colloidal systems.
  • Directed assembly of colloidal structures is achievable through controlled field manipulation.
  • This processing method offers potential for creating novel materials from colloidal dispersions.