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Updated: May 18, 2026

Image Rendering Techniques in Postmortem Computed Tomography: Evaluation of Biological Health and Profile in Stranded Cetaceans
Published on: September 27, 2020
Computed tomography of coxofemoral injury in five mute swans (Cygnus olor)
Michaela Gumpenberger1, Alexandra Scope
1Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria. Michaela.Gumpenberger@vetmeduni.ac.at
Abstract:
Five mute swans (Cygnus olor) were presented with inability to stand or with abnormal positioning of a leg. Clinical examinations indicated the possibility of femoral fractures or coxofemoral luxations. The suspected diagnosis was proven by means of computed tomography (CT), while superimposition of gastrointestinal contents or other artefacts limited radiographic diagnosis in three birds. A typical CT sign for lesions of the coxofemoral joint apart from femoral displacement was haemorrhage within the pelvic bones (especially around the acetabulum), found in four of the five birds. Small femoral head avulsion fractures could be detected only with CT.
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