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Related Concept Videos

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview

Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
Introduction to Statistical Process Control01:15

Introduction to Statistical Process Control

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a method used to monitor and control quality within processes, particularly in manufacturing and service delivery, by employing statistical methods. SPC aims to distinguish between natural (common cause) variation and variation due to specific changes or events (special cause), allowing for timely improvements and sustained quality. The control chart, a pivotal tool in SPC, visually displays data over time alongside a central line of upper and lower control...
Controlled-Current Coulometry: Coulometric Titration01:18

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Coulometric Titration

Coulometric titrations are a form of titrimetric analysis where the reagent is generated electrically, and its amount is evaluated based on current and generating time. The electron serves as the standard reagent. The procedure is similar to conventional titrations, such as endpoint detection.
The fundamental requirements for coulometric titrations are (1) 100% efficiency in the reagent-generating electrode reaction and (2) a stoichiometric and preferably rapid reaction between the generated...
Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...
Chromatographic Methods: Terminology01:18

Chromatographic Methods: Terminology

Chromatography is an analytical technique widely used in fields such as chemistry, biology, environmental science, and pharmaceuticals to separate the components of a mixture and identify substances between them. The process of chromatography is based on the interactions between two distinct phases: the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The stationary phase is fixed in place by a supporting material, while the mobile phase moves over it, carrying the solutes. As the mobile phase travels,...
Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient01:17

Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient

The extended Debye-Hückel equation indicates that the activity coefficient of an ion in an aqueous solution at 25°C depends on three partially interdependent properties: the ionic strength of the solution, the charge of the ion, and the ion size. 
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a decrease in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control
05:47

Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control

Published on: August 29, 2025

A comparison of quality control methods for active coating processes.

D Brock1, J A Zeitler, A Funke

  • 1Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. daniela.brock@uni-duesseldorf.de

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|September 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) non-destructively quantifies pharmaceutical film coating thickness. This study demonstrates TPI

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Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control
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Published on: August 29, 2025

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Published on: September 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical technology
  • Non-destructive testing
  • Coating science

Background:

  • Pharmaceutical film coatings are crucial for drug delivery.
  • Accurate coating thickness measurement is essential for quality control.
  • Existing methods may be destructive or lack precision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) for quantifying active pharmaceutical coating thickness in real-time.
  • To compare TPI measurements with optical microscopy and HPLC.
  • To assess TPI's suitability for monitoring coating processes from initiation.

Main Methods:

  • Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) was employed to measure coating thickness on a push-pull osmotic system.
  • Coating thickness data was compared against optical microscopy and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
  • A novel approach was used to overcome TPI's detection limit by analyzing combined layers.

Main Results:

  • TPI showed good correlation with HPLC for coating thicknesses up to 500 μm.
  • TPI successfully monitored the active coating process from the beginning.
  • Optical microscopy proved unsuitable due to sample preparation-induced deformation artifacts.

Conclusions:

  • TPI is a viable and accurate non-destructive technique for monitoring pharmaceutical active coating processes.
  • TPI offers advantages over optical microscopy for thickness measurements in complex dosage forms.
  • The adapted TPI method overcomes detection limits, enabling early-stage process monitoring.