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Free sphingosine in human epidermis.

P W Wertz1, D T Downing

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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This study quantifies free long-chain bases in human stratum corneum. Sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine were identified, suggesting a role in epidermal differentiation.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Dermatology
  • Lipidomics

Background:

  • The stratum corneum's lipid composition is crucial for skin barrier function.
  • Long-chain bases are key components of ceramides and sphingolipids.
  • Understanding free long-chain base levels may reveal insights into epidermal regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the concentration and composition of free long-chain bases in human stratum corneum.
  • To investigate the specific types and chain lengths of these bases.
  • To explore their potential role in epidermal differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Human foot callus samples were extracted using chloroform: methanol mixtures.
  • Free amino groups were derivatized with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Separation and quantification were achieved via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and photodensitometry.
  • Aldehydes derived from N-dinitrophenylsphingosines were analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography.

    • Main Results:

    • Human stratum corneum lipid contained 3.39 ± 0.57 mg/g free sphingosine and 1.60 ± 0.72 mg/g dihydrosphingosine.
    • Phytosphingosine was present in trace amounts.
    • Predominant chain lengths for sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine were 16–20 carbons, with 18:1 being the most abundant.

    Conclusions:

    • Free sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine are present in human stratum corneum.
    • The identified composition is similar to findings in pig epidermis.
    • These results support a potential regulatory role for free sphingosine in epidermal differentiation.