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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Image quality improvement using an image-based noise reduction algorithm: initial experience in a phantom model for

Shadpour Demehri1, Pascal Salazar, Michael L Steigner

  • 1Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
|September 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new structure-preserving diffusion (SPD) denoising algorithm significantly improves image quality in low-dose computed tomographic (CT) scans. This advancement allows for substantial radiation dose reduction in CT ureter protocols without compromising diagnostic accuracy.

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Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Published on: February 9, 2021

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
03:19

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Image Processing

Background:

  • Low-dose computed tomography (CT) is crucial for reducing radiation exposure in medical imaging.
  • Urinary stone detection and characterization often require high-quality CT images.
  • Noise in low-dose CT can degrade image quality, potentially affecting diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a structure-preserving diffusion (SPD) denoising algorithm in low-dose CT.
  • To quantify improvements in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and segmentation error.
  • To compare image quality metrics of denoised low-dose CT with standard-dose CT acquisitions.

Main Methods:

  • Anthropomorphic phantom with urinary stones underwent CT acquisitions at variable tube currents (33-137 mA s).
  • The SPD denoising algorithm was applied to all acquired images.
  • Image quality was assessed by measuring SNR, CNR, and expected segmentation error using manually defined regions of interest.

Main Results:

  • SPD denoising enabled segmentation error measurements at 33 mA s (75% dose reduction) comparable to standard 137 mA s imaging.
  • Denoised low-dose CT images (up to 75% dose reduction) exhibited higher SNR than standard-dose images without denoising (P < 0.005).
  • Dose length product significantly impacted SNR and segmentation error (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • The SPD denoising algorithm is a robust and efficient tool for enhancing image quality in low-dose CT.
  • SPD has the potential to improve image quality in CT ureter protocols, facilitating dose reduction.
  • Objective noise-related metrics support the utility of SPD for low-dose CT applications.