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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

Two cortical systems for memory-guided behaviour.

Charan Ranganath1, Maureen Ritchey

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis, 1544 Newton Ct., Davis, California 95618, USA. cranganath@ucdavis.edu

Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
|September 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The perirhinal cortex (PRC) and the parahippocampal cortex-retrosplenial cortex (PHC-RSC) form distinct brain networks. These networks support different memory types and cognitive functions, despite their crucial role in memory.

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A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments
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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments
09:43

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Published on: April 15, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • The perirhinal cortex (PRC), parahippocampal cortex (PHC), and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) are vital for memory.
  • Precise functional roles of these cortical regions remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review anatomical and functional characteristics of PRC, PHC, and RSC.
  • To elucidate the distinct roles of these areas in memory and cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies in humans, monkeys, and rats.
  • Analysis of anatomical and functional data.

Main Results:

  • PRC and PHC-RSC are identified as core components of two separate large-scale cortical networks.
  • These networks exhibit dissociations in neuroanatomy, disease susceptibility, and function.
  • Evidence suggests distinct roles in different memory types and cognitive aspects.

Conclusions:

  • The PRC and PHC-RSC networks are functionally and anatomically separable.
  • These distinct networks underpin diverse memory processes and cognitive functions.