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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Compensation

Dosage Compensation

In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...

X-Inactivation

X-Inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants

Published on: December 21, 2021

Maternal Cdx2 is dispensable for mouse development.

Stephanie Blij¹, Tristan Frum, Aytekin Akyol

¹Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)

|September 21, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal CDX2 (caudal type homeobox 2) is not essential for mouse development. Genetic ablation confirmed that this transcription factor does not play a critical role in early embryonic cell fate determination.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants

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Generation of Maternal Mutants Using zpc:cas9 Knock-in Zebrafish

Generation of Maternal Mutants Using zpc:cas9 Knock-in Zebrafish

Published on: July 22, 2025

Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Genetics
Molecular biology

Background:

Cell fate determination in many species relies on maternal determinants.
The role of caudal domain transcription factor CDX2 as a maternal determinant in mammalian embryogenesis is controversial.
Previous studies using RNA interference have yielded conflicting results regarding maternal CDX2's essentiality.

Purpose of the Study:

To definitively resolve the requirement of maternal CDX2 in mouse development.
To investigate the role of maternal CDX2 in regulating cell fate decisions during early embryogenesis.
To overcome the limitations of previous RNA interference-based studies.

Main Methods:

Genetic ablation of the maternal Cdx2 gene using a Cre/lox strategy in mice.
Analysis of embryonic development following maternal Cdx2 deletion.

Main Results:

Maternal CDX2 is not essential for mouse development.
The genetic deletion of maternal Cdx2 did not impede embryonic development.
This study provides unambiguous evidence regarding the non-essential role of maternal CDX2.

Conclusions:

Maternal CDX2 does not function as a critical determinant for cell fate in mouse embryogenesis.
The findings challenge previous hypotheses regarding deterministic mechanisms in mammalian development regulated by maternal factors.
Genetic ablation provides a definitive method for assessing the necessity of maternal genes in development.