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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression
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Published on: May 7, 2019

A method for quantifying intervertebral disc signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging.

Masaki Nagashima1, Hitoshi Abe, Kenji Amaya

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)
|September 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an objective method for defining regions of interest (ROIs) in MRI scans to quantify intervertebral disc degeneration. The new technique improves the accuracy of assessing nucleus pulposus signal intensity for better disc health monitoring.

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Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression
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Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Quantifying intervertebral disc degeneration using MRI nucleus pulposus intensity relies on mean signal intensity within a region of interest (ROI).
  • Existing ROI determination methods lack objectivity due to variations in location and size across studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a standardized and objective method for defining ROIs in T2-weighted MRI for quantitative analysis of nucleus pulposus signal intensity.
  • Enhance the reliability of intervertebral disc degeneration assessment.

Main Methods:

  • T2-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images from 48 patients (288 discs) were analyzed using eight candidate ROI determination methods.
  • Discs were graded (Pfirrmann et al.), categorizing them as bright (Grades I-II) or dark (Grades IV-V).
  • The method demonstrating the highest discrimination between bright and dark discs was selected.

Main Results:

  • An objective ROI method was identified, utilizing a geometrically centered, scaled shape within the intervertebral disc area.
  • This method achieved the greatest discrimination between bright and dark discs.
  • Satisfactory validity and reproducibility were confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides adequate discrimination for assessing intervertebral disc degeneration.
  • This objective approach is suitable for longitudinal tracking of disc degeneration with high reproducibility.