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Related Concept Videos

Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
Machines: Problem Solving I01:22

Machines: Problem Solving I

A toggle clamp is a mechanical device commonly used for holding and clamping objects in various applications, such as woodworking, metalworking, and assembly operations. Consider a toggle clamp subjected to a force of 200 N at the handle. The vertical clamping force can be calculated, provided the dimensions of the toggle clamp are known.
The toggle clamp system is a machine structure consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that form a stabilized system to transmit forces. The...
Multimachine Stability01:25

Multimachine Stability

Multimachine stability analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics and stability of power systems with multiple synchronous machines. The objective is to solve the swing equations for a network of M machines connected to an N-bus power system.
In analyzing the system, the nodal equations represent the relationship between bus voltages, machine voltages, and machine currents. The nodal equation is given by:
Controller Configurations01:22

Controller Configurations

Controller configurations are crucial in a car's cruise control system because they manage speed over time to maintain a consistent pace regardless of road conditions, thereby meeting design goals. In traditional control systems, fixed-configuration design involves predetermined controller placement. System performance modifications are known as compensation.
Control-system compensation involves various configurations, most commonly series or cascade compensation, in which the controller aligns...
Machines: Problem Solving II01:30

Machines: Problem Solving II

Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. Consider a lifting tong carrying a 100 kg load. It comprises movable sections DAF and CBG linked together with member AB.
Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...

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Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control
05:47

Simulation of a Scaled Assembly Process with Collaboration of a Robotic Arm and Monitoring through a Vision System for Quality Control

Published on: August 29, 2025

Discomfort analysis in computerized numeric control machine operations.

Krishnamoorthy Muthukumar1, Krishnasamy Sankaranarayanasamy, Anindya Kumar Ganguli

  • 1Safety Management, Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd., Tiruchirappalli, India.

Safety and Health at Work
|September 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computerized numeric control (CNC) machine operators experience significant postural discomfort, particularly in the neck, shoulder, and arm. This discomfort increases throughout the workday, highlighting ergonomic issues in machine design.

Keywords:
AnthropometryComputerized numeric control machinesDiscomfortDiscomfort mappingHuman engineeringWork-related musculoskeletal disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Ergonomics and Occupational Health
  • Manufacturing Technology
  • Human Factors Engineering

Background:

  • Computerized numeric control (CNC) technology has transformed manufacturing but presents health and safety challenges.
  • Operator well-being is crucial for productivity and safety in CNC operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess postural discomfort in CNC machine operators.
  • To examine the link between discomfort and the height of display and control panels.
  • To validate anthropometric recommendations for CNC machine interface design.

Main Methods:

  • A questionnaire-based study involving 122 male CNC machine operators.
  • Utilized Corlett and Bishop's body part discomfort mapping.
  • Collected data on discomfort levels at various time intervals during a work shift.
  • ANOVA was employed for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Neck, shoulder, and arm discomfort were identified as prevalent issues.
  • Specific discomfort percentages: 45.9% lower back, 41.8% neck, 22.1% upper back, 53.3% shoulder/arm, 21.3% leg.
  • Postural discomfort escalated as the workday progressed, peaking at the end of a shift.

Conclusions:

  • The positioning of displays and controls significantly contributes to operator discomfort.
  • Ergonomic adjustments to display and control panel heights are recommended.
  • Age did not influence the tendency to experience discomfort.