Changes in muscle stiffness produced by motor units of different types in peroneus longus muscle of cat

1. The effects of maximal tetanic contractions of varying numbers of motor units of the same type [slow (S), fast fatigue-resistant (FR), or fast fatigable (FF)] on the mechanical responses to muscle stretch were studied in the peroneus longus muscle of anesthetized cats. 2. Two types of stiffness measurements were made: 1) an average stiffness, defined as the tension change from the beginning to end of a 0.5-mm ramp stretch; and 2) a dynamic stiffness, defined as the ratio of peak-to-peak tension to amplitude of a maintained 85-microns sinusoidal stretch at frequencies of 10-80 Hz. 3. Contractions of slow and fast units elicited different increases in average stiffness. Type S units, although developing much smaller tetanic tensions than fast ones, produced a resistance to stretch comparable with or greater than that of fast units developing much higher tensions. 4. For comparable tetanic tensions, slow units also elicited a greater dynamic stiffness than fast units. During sinusoidal stretch, changes in muscle tension led changes in muscle length during contraction of S units, but the reverse was observed for frequencies 30-50 Hz during contraction of FF units. This suggests that the latter perform oscillatory work on the driving apparatus. 5. Type S units, whose low-threshold motoneurons are the first to be recruited, appear well adapted to play a role in posture and in slow movements because of the resistance they offer to forces tending to change joint position or to oppose the progression of slow movements.