Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

First-Line Dapagliflozin, Metformin, or Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: Vascular and Molecular Outcomes of a Randomised Controlled Trial.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026

Same author

Semaglutide 2.4 mg Cardiometabolic Long-Term Effects in Patients With Obesity or Overweight in a Real-World Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United States (SMILE).

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026

Same author

Real-world healthcare resource utilization and medical costs in patients with overweight or obesity and multimorbidity treated with semaglutide in the United States.

Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research·2026

Same author

Semaglutide and tirzepatide effects on cardiovascular outcomes in people with overweight or obesity in the real world (STEER).

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2026

Same author

Sustained weight reduction with once-weekly semaglutide: results from a real-world retrospective cohort study in the United States (SCOPE 24 months).

Current medical research and opinion·2025

Same author

Effects of semaglutide on one-year medical costs among patients with obesity or overweight in US real world setting.

Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

Isolated post-challenge hyperglycaemia predicts increased cardiovascular mortality.

Guenther Silbernagel¹, Harald Sourij, Tanja B Grammer

¹LURIC Study Nonprofit LLC, Freiburg, Germany.

Atherosclerosis

|September 22, 2012

Summary

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) identifies individuals at high risk for cardiovascular mortality missed by fasting glucose or glycated hemoglobin tests. This highlights the continued importance of OGTT in diabetes diagnosis and risk assessment.

More Related Videos

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Endocrinology
Metabolic Diseases

Background:

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) updated diabetes diagnostic criteria in 2010, incorporating glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing.
The role of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in diagnosing diabetes and assessing cardiovascular risk alongside newer criteria requires evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) remain necessary for identifying individuals at risk of cardiovascular mortality after the 2010 ADA criteria update.
To compare the predictive value of OGTT with fasting glucose and HbA1c for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 2002 individuals without prior diabetes history, referred for angiography, was studied.
OGTT was performed on 1772 subjects with fasting glucose <126 mg/dL.
Participants were followed for a mean of 7.7 years for mortality outcomes.

Main Results:

Using 2010 ADA criteria, 618 individuals had new-onset type 2 diabetes, with 167 showing isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia.
Elevated fasting glucose and/or HbA1c predicted increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia independently predicted increased cardiovascular mortality, a risk group not fully captured by fasting glucose or HbA1c alone.

Conclusions:

Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) identify a high-risk group for cardiovascular mortality.
This high-risk group is often undetected by fasting glucose or glycated hemoglobin testing alone.
OGTT remains a valuable tool for comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment in diabetes diagnosis.