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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect various areas...
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...

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Related Experiment Video

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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
13:12

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Beyond cortical localization in clinico-anatomical correlation.

Marco Catani1, Flavio Dell'acqua, Alberto Bizzi

  • 1Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. m.catani@iop.kcl.ac.uk

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|September 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new atlas of human white matter connections, aiding clinicians and researchers in understanding neurological syndromes. It facilitates precise lesion localization and enhances the study of neural networks in clinical populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Complex cognitive functions involve distributed brain networks, not just single cortical areas.
  • Understanding large-scale brain networks and white matter tracts is crucial for localizing cognitive functions.
  • Classical neurological syndromes often relate to lesions in specific cortical areas or connecting white matter pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a synopsis of neurological syndromes linked to lesions in major brain lobes and limbic areas.
  • To review tractography studies in neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • To introduce a new, downloadable atlas of human white matter connections to aid clinical-anatomical correlation.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of classical neurological syndromes associated with specific brain lesions.
  • Review of diffusion tensor tractography studies in various neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Development of a novel atlas of human white matter connectivity based on diffusion tensor tractography.

Main Results:

  • A synopsis of clinico-anatomical correlations for cortical and limbic lesions.
  • A review highlighting the role of tractography in understanding neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • A freely downloadable atlas of white matter tracts for clinical and research use.

Conclusions:

  • The new atlas and synopsis enable precise localization of white matter lesions and associated symptoms.
  • This resource facilitates research into the functional correlates of human neural networks in clinical populations.
  • The study encourages a broader clinical anatomy perspective, including connecting pathways, for improved clinico-anatomical studies.