Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Visual Field Testing on the Envision Head-Mounted Perimeter with and without Gaming Elements.

Ophthalmology. Glaucoma·2026

Same author

Larger Real-World OCT Reference Database Improves Accuracy of Glaucoma Flagging Using Summary Metrics.

Translational vision science & technology·2026

Same author

Impact of Major Retinal Vessel Position on Sectoral Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Healthy Eyes.

Journal of glaucoma·2025

Same author

Nicotinamide and Pyruvate in Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Neuroprotection-Design and Methodology.

Ophthalmology. Glaucoma·2025

Same author

A Deep Learning Model Detects Glaucoma Based on an OCT Report, but Where Should the Clinician Look to Identify Glaucomatous Damage?

Translational vision science & technology·2025

Same author

A Deep Learning Model for Glaucoma Detection Outperforms Conventional Metrics.

Translational vision science & technology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Glaucomatous damage of the macula.

Donald C Hood¹, Ali S Raza, Carlos Gustavo V de Moraes

¹Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027-7004, USA. dch3@columbia.edu

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

|September 22, 2012

Summary

Early glaucoma damage often affects the macula, particularly the inner retinal layers. Standard visual field tests may miss this damage, highlighting the need for advanced imaging like frequency domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT) for accurate diagnosis.

More Related Videos

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neuroscience
Medical Imaging

Background:

Glaucomatous damage is increasingly recognized to involve the macula in early stages.
Frequency domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT) enables precise measurement of retinal layers.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the anatomical basis of early glaucomatous macular damage using fdOCT.
To correlate macular damage with visual field sensitivity and identify vulnerable areas.

Main Methods:

Utilized fdOCT to measure local retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and retinal ganglion cell plus inner plexiform (RGC+) layer thickness in healthy controls and glaucoma patients.
Analyzed the relationship between local RGC+ loss, visual field sensitivity, and macular vulnerability zone (MVZ).

Main Results:

Average RGC+ layer thickness in healthy controls aligns with histological data.
Glaucoma patients exhibit greater RGC+ thinning in the inferior macula (superior visual field).
Standard 24-2 visual field tests may miss areas of significant RGC+ thinning.

Conclusions:

Macular involvement in glaucoma is common, occurs early, and can be underestimated by standard visual field testing.
Clinicians should consider macular evaluation in glaucoma diagnosis and management.
The macular vulnerability zone (MVZ) is a key area for glaucomatous damage, particularly in the inferior macula.