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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions01:22

Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions

Two primary types of muscle contractions are isotonic and isometric, each serving unique functions and involving distinct mechanisms. Both isotonic and isometric contractions are integral to the body's complex system of movement and stability. Isotonic exercises contribute significantly to functional strength and movement, while isometric contractions are crucial for maintaining posture and joint stability.
Isotonic contractions
Isotonic contractions occur when a muscle changes length while the...
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies01:11

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies

In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective response...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

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Does on-water resisted rowing increase or maintain lower-body strength?

Trent W Lawton1, John B Cronin, Michael R McGuigan

  • 1Performance Services-Strength and Conditioning, High Performance Sport New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand. trentl@nzasni.org.nz

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|September 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Intensive rowing training alone did not improve lower-body strength. Adding weight training to rowing programs moderately increased leg strength in elite rowers, suggesting its value for enhancing performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Rowing Performance

Background:

  • Endurance training volumes in elite rowing have significantly increased over 30 years.
  • Optimizing periodized training plans requires informed decisions on incorporating strength training.
  • The specific value of weight training versus other activities needs quantification for rowers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify changes in lower-body strength after intensive resisted on-water rowing.
  • To compare strength development with weight training versus rowing alone over 14-week phases.
  • To evaluate the impact of concurrent training on elite female rowers' strength.

Main Methods:

  • Ten elite female rowers participated in two 14-week training phases.
  • Phase 1: Intensive on-water rowing (resisted, endurance, races).
  • Phase 2: Same rowing plus two weekly weight-training sessions; strength measured via leg press and isometric pull.

Main Results:

  • Resisted rowing alone did not significantly increase leg pressing or isometric pulling strength.
  • Concurrent weight training moderately increased leg pressing strength (Effect Size = 0.72).
  • Differences in isometric pulling strength with weight training were unclear (Effect Size = 0.56).

Conclusions:

  • Intensive on-water training, including resisted rowing, maintains but does not enhance lower-body strength.
  • Incorporating high-intensity, non-fatiguing weight training concurrently with endurance exercise may increase lower-body strength.
  • Elite rowers and coaches should consider concurrent weight training for strength gains without significant body mass changes.