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Curcumin uptake and metabolism.

Manfred Metzler1, Erika Pfeiffer, Simone I Schulz

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Chair of Food Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Manfred.metzler@kit.edu

Biofactors (Oxford, England)
|September 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Curcumin (CUR) has poor oral bioavailability due to instability and rapid metabolism. Its effects in peripheral organs may be due to metabolites, not CUR itself.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Gastroenterology
  • Natural Product Bioavailability

Background:

  • Curcumin (CUR), a pigment from turmeric, is thought to offer health benefits when ingested.
  • However, studies reveal extremely low CUR concentrations in blood and tissues after oral administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence and reasons behind the poor systemic bioavailability of orally administered CUR.
  • To discuss the implications for CUR's purported health effects in peripheral organs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing animal and clinical studies on CUR pharmacokinetics.
  • Analysis of factors affecting CUR absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

Main Results:

  • CUR exhibits poor oral bioavailability due to chemical instability at physiological pH.
  • Rapid metabolism (reductive and conjugative) and poor intestinal permeation significantly limit systemic absorption.
  • Detectable CUR levels in blood and tissues are minimal, even after large oral doses.

Conclusions:

  • The observed effects of CUR in peripheral organs are unlikely to be directly mediated by CUR itself.
  • Curcumin metabolites and degradation products are potential mediators of CUR's pharmacological activity.
  • Further research should focus on the bioactivity of CUR metabolites.