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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Stubborn Tregs limit T-cell therapy.

Christopher A Klebanoff1, Luca Gattinoni

  • 1National Cancer Institute.

Blood
|September 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) surviving cancer treatment can expand, limiting the effectiveness of adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT). Understanding these Tregs is crucial for improving cancer treatment outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) shows promise for cancer treatment.
  • Nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens are used in some ACT protocols.
  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in immune regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the behavior of regulatory T cells (Tregs) after nonmyeloablative conditioning.
  • To investigate the impact of residual Tregs on the efficacy of ACT for cancer.
  • To identify potential targets for enhancing ACT outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry to identify and quantify CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs.
  • In vivo studies to assess Treg expansion and function post-conditioning.
  • Assessment of ACT efficacy in preclinical cancer models.

More Related Videos

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Main Results:

  • A residual pool of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs was identified post-conditioning.
  • These residual Tregs underwent significant homeostatic expansion.
  • Treg expansion was found to limit the full potential of ACT in preclinical models.

Conclusions:

  • Residual Tregs surviving conditioning regimens can hinder ACT efficacy.
  • Targeting Treg expansion may be a strategy to improve ACT outcomes in cancer therapy.
  • Further research is needed to overcome Treg-mediated suppression in ACT.