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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation02:38

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

A dicationic ruthenium alkylidene complex for continuous biphasic metathesis using monolith-supported ionic liquids.

Benjamin Autenrieth1, Wolfgang Frey, Michael R Buchmeiser

  • 1Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Stoffe und Faserchemie, Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel ruthenium catalyst immobilized on a solid support using ionic liquid phase technology for continuous metathesis reactions. The supported ionic-liquid phase (SILP) catalyst demonstrates high efficiency and recyclability, minimizing catalyst leaching.

More Related Videos

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
10:39

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Published on: August 23, 2018

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
10:39

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

Published on: August 23, 2018

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
09:37

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

Published on: October 18, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Ruthenium-alkylidene complexes are effective catalysts for olefin metathesis reactions.
  • Supported ionic-liquid phase (SILP) technology offers a platform for immobilizing catalysts, enabling continuous flow processes.
  • Efficient catalyst recovery and recyclability are crucial for sustainable chemical synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize a dicationic ruthenium-alkylidene complex for metathesis reactions.
  • To develop a supported ionic-liquid phase (SILP) catalyst system for continuous metathesis.
  • To evaluate the catalytic activity, stability, and recyclability of the SILP catalyst.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a dicationic ruthenium-alkylidene complex ([Ru(dmf)(3)(IMesH(2))(=CH-2-(2-PrO)-C(6)H(4))][(BF(4))(2)]).
  • Preparation of ROMP-derived monoliths functionalized with an ionic liquid ([BDMIM][BF(4)]) containing the ruthenium catalyst.
  • Implementation of continuous metathesis reactions using a biphasic system with a liquid transport phase.

Main Results:

  • High turnover numbers (TONs) up to 3700 were achieved in organic solvents for various ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and self-metathesis reactions.
  • Continuous SILP conditions yielded TONs up to 900 with very low catalyst leaching (<0.1%).
  • The SILP catalyst demonstrated excellent recyclability after removal and reloading of the ionic liquid and catalyst.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SILP system provides an efficient and robust platform for continuous metathesis reactions.
  • The ionic nature of the catalyst and support minimizes leaching, enhancing catalyst longevity and process sustainability.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for the industrial application of metathesis catalysis.